ABSTRACT
Asthma is characterized by chronic airway inflammation and airway hyper-responsiveness. However, the differences in pathophysiology and phenotypic symptomology make a diagnosis of "asthma" too broad hindering individualized treatment. Four asthmatic inflammatory phenotypes have been identified based on inflammatory cell profiles in sputum: eosinophilic, neutrophilic, paucigranulocytic, and mixed-granulocytic. Paucigranulocytic asthma may be one of the most common phenotypes in stable asthmatic patients, yet it remains much less studied than the other inflammatory phenotypes. Understanding of paucigranulocytic asthma in terms of phenotypic discrimination, distribution, stability, surrogate biomarkers, underlying pathophysiology, clinical characteristics, and current therapies is fragmented, which impedes clinical management of patients. This review brings together existing knowledge and ongoing research about asthma phenotypes, with a focus on paucigranulocytic asthma, in order to present a comprehensive picture that may clarify specific inflammatory phenotypes and thus improve clinical diagnoses and disease management.
Subject(s)
Humans , Asthma/drug therapy , Inflammation/diagnosis , Respiratory System , Phenotype , Biomarkers , Sputum , Eosinophils , NeutrophilsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the utilization of venous infusion before and after abolishing intravenous infusion of antibacterial drugs in second-class and upwards hospitals in Suzhou.METHODS: The current status of intravenous infusion in second-class and upwards hospitals in Suzhou in 2016 and 2017 was statistically analyzed. With hospital information system, the infusion ratio and top ten infusion drugs in the emergency, out-patients and in-patients were summarized.RESULTS: The infusion ratio was 6.33% in out-patients, 28.85% in emergency, and 83.16% in-patients.CONCLUSION: The ratio of infusion is high in second-class and upwards hospitals in Suzhou, particularly in in-patients. There are many kinds of infusion drugs and the use of high price electrolytes and adjuvant therapy infusion is increasing.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of sodium valproate on lipid metabolism in children with epilepsy and investigate the potential mechanisms. METHODS: The body mass index(BMI), the levels of serum total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride(TG), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol(LDL-C), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), LDL-C/HDL-C, apolipoprotein AI(ApoAI) and apolipoprotein B(ApoB) of epilepsy children treated with sodium valproate after different time were measured.The gene expression of PPARγ in children's peripheral blood was examined by Realtime-PCR. RESULTS: The epilepsy children's BMI, the levels of serum TC, TG, LDL-C and AproB were increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01) after treatment with sodium valproate different time.The liver function has significant difference between untreated epilepsy children and epilepsy children treated with sodium valproate more than one year. Sodium valproate could significantly increase the mRNA expression of PPARγ(P<0.05) in epilepsy children. CONCLUSION: Sodium valproate has effect on lipid metabolism in epilepsy children and the mechanisms might be associated with its regulation of the PPARγ mRNA expression.
ABSTRACT
Nonalcoholic fatty liver(NAFL)is characterized by the hepatocyte steatosis and lipid accumulation,and is a clinical syndrome of unrelated to excessive alcohol consumption. At present,patients with the syndrome obviously increase in the whole world. Sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs) are the key transcription factors of controlling the biosynthesis of cholesterol,fatty acids and triglycerides,and adipocyte differentiation. In this paper,the regulation of SREBPs and its research progress in the development of NAFL were reviewed.